Islamic Study
Islamic Studies — Revision Notes
Quick-fact revision notes for the Islamic Study section: pillars and faiths of Islam, the divine books, sources of Shariah, facts about the Holy Quran, the Prophet's biography and timelines, the Pious Caliphate, and eminent Muslim figures.
Fundamentals of Islam
- Monotheism (Belief in Oneness of God)
- Salat
- Fasting
- Alms (Zakat)
- Hajj
Fundamental Faiths
- Monotheism
- Prophethood
- Kiyamah
The Holy Divine Books
| Name | Revealed on |
|---|
| The Torah | It was revealed on Hazrat Musa (AS). |
| The Zabur | It was revealed on Hazrat Dawood (AS). |
| The Injeel | It was revealed on Hazrat Isa (peace be upon him). |
| The Holy Quran | It was revealed on Hazrat Muhammad (SAW). |
Sources of Islamic Shariah
- The Holy Quran
- The Hadith
- Ijmah
- Qiyas
Eminent Islamic Jurists
- Imam Abu Hanifa
- Imam Malik
- Imam Shaafi
- Imam Ahmad bin Hanbul
The Holy Quran
| Fact | Value |
|---|
| Total Paras | 30 |
| Total surahs | 114 |
| Total period of revelation of the Holy Quran | 22 years 5 months 14 days |
| Total recitational bows | 14 |
| Total rakus | 540 |
| Total verses | 6666 |
| Total manzils | 7 |
| The first surah in Quran | Fatiah |
| The longest surah | Al-Baqara |
| The shortest surah | Al-Kasuar |
| The last surah | Al-Nass |
The following names of the Prophets (AS) have appeared in the Holy Quran.
- Hazrat Adam (AS)
- Hazrat Noah (AS)
- Hazrat Idress (AS)
- Hazrat Hood (AS)
- Hazrat Ibrahim (AS)
- Hazrat Ismail (AS)
- Hazrat Ishaq (AS)
- Hazrt Loot (AS)
- Hazrat Yaqub (AS)
- Hazrat Yousaf (AS)
- Hazrat Shoaib (AS)
- Hazrat Musa (AS)
- Hazrat Haroon (AS)
- Hazrat Younas (AS)
- Hazrat Saleh (AS)
- Hazrat Dawood (AS)
- Hazrat Suleman (AS)
- Hazrat Ayub (AS)
- Hazrat Ilyas (AS)
- Hazrat Zikriya (AS)
- Hazrat Yahya (AS)
- Hazrat Zulkafal (AS)
- Hazrat Aziz (AS)
- Hazrat Isa (AS)
- Hazrat Muhammad (SAW).
Surah in the Names of the Prophets
The Following six Surahs in the Holy Quran are in the name of the prophets.
- Surah Yousaf
- Surah Hood
- Surah Yousaf
- Surah Ibrahim
- Surah Noah
- Surah Muhammad
- Bismillah has come 114 times in the Holy Quran.
- Surah Tauba starts without Bismillah in the Holy Qruan.
- Bismillah has come two times in Surah Al-Nimal in the Holy Quran.
- The name of Hazrat Musa (A.S) has come the most in the Holy Quran(126 times).
- Zaid ibn Harith has been mentioned in Surah Ahzab in the Holy Quran.
Hadith
The mentioning of commands by the Holy Prophet and the deed performed by him is called Hadith.
Sihah-e-Sitta
Six authenticated books of Hadith are called Sihah-e-Sitta. They are as mentioned below with the names of their compilers.
| Names of Hadith | Compiler |
|---|
| Sahih Bukhari | Imam Muhammad bin Ismail Bukhari. |
| Sahih Muslim | Imam Muslim bin Hajjaj ibn Muslim. |
| Jame Tirmizi | Imam Abu Isa Muhammad bin Isa. |
| Sunan Abu Daud | Imam Abu Daud Sulaiman bin Ash'at. |
| Sunan Al-Nisaiee | Imam Abu Addur Rehaman Ahmad bin Ali al-Nisaiee. |
| Sunah ibn Majah | Imam Abu bin Abdullah Muhammad bin Yazid bin Majah al-Kazdini. |
Important Personalities in Islam
| Personality | Title |
|---|
| Hazrat Adam | Man of Allah |
| Hazrat Dawood | Caliph of Allah |
| Hazrat Musa | Speaker of Allah |
| Hazrat Ibrahim | Friend of Allah |
| Hazrat Ismail | Sacrifice for Allah |
| Hazrat Abu Bakr | Siddique |
| Hazrat Umar | Farooq-e-Azam |
| Hazrat Usman | Zul Noorain |
| Hazrat Ali | Lion of Allah |
| Hazrat Ali | Door of Knowledge |
| Hazrat Amir Hamza | Leader of the Martyrs |
| Hazrat Khalid bin Walid | Sword of Allah |
| Hazrat Saeed bin Zaid | Sea of Knowledge |
| Hazrat Ayub Ansari | Host of the Holy Prophet (SAW) |
| Hazrat Bilal | Muazzan of the Holy Prophet (SAW) |
| Hazrat Amir Muaviya | Writer of Revelation |
| Hazrat Hassan bin Sabat | Poet of the Holy Prophet (SAW) |
Rate of Zakat
| Commodities | Rate of Zakat |
|---|
| Cash | 2 ½% |
| Gold, Silver and Ornaments | 2 ½% |
| Merchandies | 2 ½% |
| Forty goats and Sheep | One goat/sheep |
| Thirty cows /buffalos | One goat/sheep |
| Five Camels | One goat/sheep |
| Gold | 87.48 grammes |
| Silver | 612.36 grammes |
| Crops | 948 Kg |
| Products of non-irrigated lands | 10%(Ushr) |
| Products of irrigated lands | 20%(Ushr) |
Utilization of Zakat
The Surah Tauba in the Holy Quran has described the following eight categories, which can be given Zakat.
- The Poor: Such poor and helpless people having no means of life
- Masakeen: Such destitute people who have some means but not sufficient for their needs
- Aamleen Zakat: The persons collecting Zakat and taking it to the Baitul-Mal are also entitled to Zakat.
- Non Muslim Mualafat-ul-Quloob: Such non-Muslims who may convert to Islam if given monetary aid or the Muslims may be saved from their deeds.
- Slaves:
- Indebtors:
- In the way of Allah:
- Musaafars:
Prohibitions for Payments of Zakat
The following persons are prohibited for payment of Zakat.
- Healthy and strong persons.
- Husband will not give Zakat to his wife.
- Parents
- Bani Hashim
Biography of the Holy Prophet (PBUH)
| Item | Detail |
|---|
| Birth | 571 A.D |
| Name of father | Hazrat Abdullah (RA) |
| Name of mother | Hazrat Amna (RA) |
| Name of grandfather | Hazrat Abdul Mutlab (RA) |
| Name of foster mother | Hazrat Halima (RA) |
| Name of first wife | Hazrat Khadija (RA) |
| Names of the sons | (i) Hazrat Qasim (RA) (ii) Hazrat Ibrahim (RA) (iii) Hazrat Abdullah (RA) |
| Names of the daughters | (i) Hazrat Um-e-Kulsum (RA) (ii) Hazrat Zainab (RA) (iii) Hazrat Ruqayya (RA) (iv) Hazrat Fatima (RA) |
The Holy Prophet's Life at Makkah
| Year | Event |
|---|
| 606 A.D | Incident of placing Hijr-e-Aswad. |
| 610 A.D | Prophethood conferred. |
| 614 A.D | Migration to Abyssinia by some companions |
| 615 A.D | Hazrat Hamza and Hazrat Umar accepted Islam. |
| 616 A.D | Bani Hashim boycotted, confined to shaab-I-abi Talib. |
| 618 A.D | Boycott ended. |
| 619 A.D | Journey to Taif. Death of Abu Talib and Hazrat Khaldija, Miraj. |
| 621 A.D | Bait-e-Uqba I. |
| 622 A.D | Bait-e-Uqba II. |
| 623.A.D | Migration to Madina. Start of Hijri calendar. |
The Holy Prophet's Life at Madina
| Year | Event |
|---|
| 1 A.H | Foundation of Masjid Nabwi. |
| 2 A.H | Start of Azan, Command for Zakat and Fasting, Salat facing Ka'abah instead of Bait-ul-Muqaddus, battle of Badr. |
| 3 A.H | Battle of Uhad. |
| 4 A.H | Battle of Banu Nasir. |
| 5 A.H | Battle of Ahzab, Conquest of Banu Quraiza. |
| 6 A.H | Truce of Hudaibiyah, Hazrat Khalid accepted Islam. |
| 7 A.H | Battles of Khyber and Muta, letters to the kings. |
| 8 A.H | Conquest of Makkah, battle of Hunain and Taif, restriction on interest. |
| 9 A.H | Battle of Tabuk, Command for Hajj. |
| 10 A.H | Last sermon. |
| 11 A.H | Marz-ul-Maut, the last pray. |
First in Islam
| First | Person/Event |
|---|
| The first among men who accepted Islam | Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) |
| The first among women who accepted Islam | Hazrat Khadija (RA) |
| The first among children who accepted Islam | Hazrat Ali (RA) |
| The first companion to recite Kalima Islam aloud | Hazrat Abu Zar Ghafari (RA) |
| The first man martyr in Islam | Hazrat Haris bin Abi Hala (RA) |
| The first woman martyred in Islam | Hazrat Samiyah (RA) |
| The first swordman companion in Islam | Hazrat Zubair bin Al-Awam (RA) |
| The first mosque of Islam | Masjid Qa'aba |
| The first battle with Kafirs | Battle of Badr 2 A.H |
| The first migration in Islam | Abysinia Migration |
| The first Mouzan of Islam | Hazrat Bilal (RA) |
| The first Eid-ul-Fiter in Islam | 1st Shawal 2 A.H. |
| The First Eid-ul-Azaha in Islam | 2 A.H |
| The first written constitution in the world | The Charter of Madina |
The Pious Caliphate
Hazrat Abu Bakr (632 A.D. TO 634 A.D.)
| Year | Event |
|---|
| 632 A.D | The Muslims choosed Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) as their Caliph |
| 633 A.D | Eradication of Apostates |
| 634 A.D | Start of Islam victories. Hazrat Khalid bin Walid defeated Iranis at Kazmic Iraq. |
| 634 A.D | The Muslim armies defeated the Roman armies of the king Harqal in the battle of Ajnadeen. |
| 634 A.D | Death of Hazrat Abu Bakr |
Hazrat Umar Farooq (634 A.D. TO 644 A.D.)
| Year | Event |
|---|
| 634 A.D | Hazrat Umar (RA) elected as Caliph of Muslims |
| 635 A.D | Hazrat Sa'ad bin Abi Waqqas (RA) defeated the Irani army in the battle of Qadisiya. Islamic army defeated the Irani army complete the conquest of Iraq. Hazrat Khalid bin Walid conquered Damascus |
| 635 A.D | The Muslim army defeated the Roman army at Yurmuk |
| 637 A.D | The Muslims captured Jerusalem |
| 644 A.D | The Irani sultanate crushed Karman, Seestan, Makran, Kharasan and Egypt Conquered |
Hazrat Usman (R.A) (644 A.D. TO 656 A.D.)
| Year | Event |
|---|
| 644 A.D | Hazrat Usman (RA) elected as the Caliph of the Muslims |
| 649 A.D | The Muslims advanced against the Romans and conquered the Island of Cyprus |
| 649-51 A.D | Hazrat Abdullah bin Awam conquered Ghazna and Kabul |
| 651 A.D | Conquest of Balakh, Bukhara and Khwarzam |
| 651 A.D | Conquest of Tripoli (Libya) and Tunis |
| 651 A.D | Unrest in different provinces of the Sultanate |
| 652 A.D | The end of Saasanis |
| 656 A.D | Hazrat Usman martyred |
Hazrat Ali (RA) (655 A.D. TO 661 A.D.)
| Year | Event |
|---|
| 656 A.D | Elected as Caliph of the Muslims Conquered the opponents in the battle of Jamal. |
| 657 A.D | Kufa made the capital of the Islamic Sultanate. |
| 657 A.D | Battle of Suffain |
| 659 A.D | Defeat of Kharjis |
| 661 A.D | Hazrat Ali martyred |
Ashra Mubashara
- Hazrat Abu Bakar Siddique (may Allah be pleased with him).
- Hazrat Usman Ghani (may Allah be pleased with him).
- Hazrat Umar (may Allah be pleased with him).
- Hazrat Ali (may Allah be pleased with him).
- Hazrat Abu Talha (may Allah be pleased with him).
- Hazrat Zubair bin Awam (may Allah be pleased with him).
- Hazrat Abu Obaida (may Allah be pleased with him).
- Hazrat Abdur Rehman bin Auf (may Allah be pleased with him).
- Hazrat Sa'ad bin Abi Waqas (may Allah be pleased with him).
- Hazrat Saeed bin Zaid (may Allah be pleased with him).
The Great Generals in the History of Islam
- Hazrat Ali (may Allah be pleased with him).
- Hazrat Amir Hamza (may Allah be pleased with him).
- Hazrat Sa'ad bin Abi Waqas (may Allah be pleased with him).
- Hazrat Khalid bin Walid (may Allah be pleased with him).
- Musa bin Nusair.
- Hazrat Umar bin al-Ass (may Allah be pleased with him).
- Hazrat Abu Obadia (may Allah be pleased with him).
- Tariq bin Zayad.
- Muhammad bin Qasim.
- Salah-ud-din Ayubi.
- Mahmood Ghaznavi.
Eminent Muslims and Their Fields of Repute
| Names | Fields |
|---|
| Al Bairuni | Historian and geographer |
| Ibrahim bin Sina | Mathematician and physicians |
| Jabar bin Hayan | Physician and druggist |
| Umar bin Hayan | Mathematician and astrologer |
| Yaqub Khayyam | Mathematician and philosopher |
| Muhammad bin Musa | Mathematician |
| Yaqub bin Tariq | Astrologer |
| Al-Masudi | Biographer and geographer |
| Al-Farabi | Philosopher |
| Abu-Kamal | Mathematician |
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